Turbine.



E. MtiHL.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.12,1913,

Patented Aug. 4 19% 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W/T/VESSES.

4770/P/VE Y.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.1Z, 1913. 1,105,992. Patented Aug. 4, 1914b 2SHEETS-*SHBET Z.

"mul /4g 2/ W/r/vEssEs: 22 2/ [AWE/W0? Ernsz Mil/ By 1 J 0 W Tollllwhom/c; may concern 7 vert the kineticenergy of a fluid, like steam,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Emrs'r MuHL, or PHILA EI PH IA, riahnsYLvAnIa,-nssIG on oi? ONE-HALF TOo'r'ro DONATZ, F TRENTON, NEWJERSEY.

TURBINE.

Specification of iettei'rs fatent.

'l s iiaanrmaa August re, 1913. Serial No. 754,299.

Be a known that IJFJERNQTI Meant citie t d t tes a d I S1fl 9Philadelphia, in the county of lnladelphia and State of Pennsylvania,have invented certain new. and useful Improvements in Turbines, of whichthe following is a speclfication. Th s. inv nt n r a s t urbin aparticularly to suchas are adapted to con-- into the mechanical energyof a rotating wheel. ,The principaldist nction between this", and anyother known type of turbine is, that whereas the present day turbine isdriven peripherally, my improved turbine is driven facially. l One ofthe principal objects of my invention is a turbine wheel providedwithblades L, exhaust as toobvia-te the whi p j c ax y f om itsf cs sad: areadapted toreceive the impulses of a et of steam directed by a nozzle, uH

Another, object isa lulrflbine wheel whicn may be cast in one pieceandadapted to be ,rotated in opposite direction l aAnotherobjectofmyrinventiqn is a turbiIie wheel driven facially by a fluidunder pressure -and provided-with such a perfect necessity of pack- 1. 1,2, l A.v still furth rtobi c of h inv nt on facially driven turbinewheel adap ed to run t a nstanbspje iii.

A still further object of this; invention is to provid ple; i xpens vedu abl economical and efiicient-means-for converting thekinetie energyof a moving fluid into the mechanical energyof rotation. V i

, drawings, and embraced within the scope or theappend la iI,thesaid,drawingsi Fig ure islan ele-e vation of a -facially driventurbine intended tobe operatedby steam Fig. 2 is a central sectionthereof; Fig. 3 is a par'tia developmentthereof; Fig. fl: is alongitulnal section of a valve .ox inconnectlon therewith; Fig. 5 is anelevation of a governor in connection therewith; F ig. 6 is aside viewN: I o .H l ,l"v .il'-/ thereof, and F g. 7 1s a fragmentary view of anozzle.

v In the drawings,.1 designates a Wheel prov ded with a hub 2 adapted.to be mounted on ashaft 3,- and with serrated faces 4. A steam chest 5,supported by; a bracket 6 to face the wheel, is provided with ports 7.Eaclrport carries a nozzle ,8 adapted to .direct a jet of steam againsta blade 9 of, a tooth of the Serratedring which faces the chest, alongthe face which connects the cre t of a to 9th with the root of theblade, an the lip 30 of the nozzle which is adapted to bridge t e crestsof at'least two teeth. steam c est i'sfedby a pipe 10, which isconnected by a portt39' with the pocket of a valve bolt 11 supplied withsteam by a main 12.; In the valve box is, mounted a slide valve 13having a port 40 and provided with a rack 14- in mesh with a gear 15mounted on a .shaft 16 which is'carried by the box 11. On the shaft lfiis also mount; ed a crank 17 which is pivotally connected \vith-a rod18. I i 5 1 I L a .A ball overnor 19 is vertically supported by a brac(et 20 which is provided with bear; ings for a horizontal shaift 21. Theshaft carriesa bevel gear 22 in mes lrwith a. simi- Iargear which ismounted ddfhe governor spindle2 3, The governor bal s which ,are adaptedtorevolve with the spindle are con eaty rods 24: with a collar 25slidingly mounted, on said spindle, The collar-Wis provided with ahorizontal arm 26 ada ted to slide in the vertical slot 27 ofthe bracket20. On top of said bracket is pivotally mounted a crank 28 which ispivotally connected with a suspended lever 29 and with the rod 18. Thelever 29 is projected through a central pertoration of the arm 26, whichcarrles a perforated nut 31 adapted to formafloating fulcrum for thelever. The free end of the lever carriesa nut .32 which supports aspring wound on the lever under the arm 26. a I

The governorshaft 21 carriesta pulley 33 adapted to be belt connectedwith a similar pulley mounted on the wheel shaft 3, which s horizcmtally supported bybearings ,ot the pedestals 34. The wheel pulley 35,,for which may, fesubstitutd e the a gear or coupling, adapted totransmitt e, powerdeveloped'by the wheel. The

wheel is mounted in acasing36 which is provided with an exhaust 37 andwith a draft hole 38:

By reference to the drawing, the operaihaft carries a a directionopposite tion of the turbine is as follows :-Steam is a forced by thepipe 12 into the pocket of the box 11 around the cylindrical port *0 ofthe the nozzles, constituting siihstantially an QX- panded portion ofthe nozzle. The expanded steam jet as it strikesfthe blade causes thewheel to rotate and is at the same time diverted by the blade todischarge facially atan angle with the direction of the jet, whichprevents any back pressure. The governor shaft 21, driven from the wheelshaft. transmits its motion to the spindle 23. The springcoil woundon-the spindle is adapted to prevent the centrifugal movement of theballs when the speed of the turbine wheel is constant. Any increasedspeed of the wheel causes the balls to move centrifugally. Thecentrifugal movement of the governor is communicated to the collar 2-5by the connecting rods 24 to cause it to move upwardly together with itsarm 26. The nut 31 which is forced to slide upwardly on the lever 29.

causes its arm which is connected to the crank .28 to rockin thedirection of the spindle 23, which forces the rod 18 to rock the valvecrank 17 in the direction of the pipe 12. This movement is communicatedto the-valve which is caused to slide in a to that of the rod 18 and topartlyclose the port 39. The spring coil v on the lower arm of the lever29 is adapted to restore the normal condition, whenever,

there is a tendency for the speed to decrease.

Having thus described a onesided turbine, those conversantfwith the artwill find no difficulty to make a double acting turbine, I

therefore illustrated in the drawing a reversible turbine. As shown inthe drawing, the turbine wheel is allso provided with a second serratedring having blades 9 adapted to be impelled in a direction opposite tothat of the arrow heads by jets from nozzles 8, through ports 7 of thechest 5' fed by a pipe 10 which is connected with the valve box by aport 39 controlled by the valve port 4:0. To reverse the turbine, it isonly necessary to swing the crank 17 to a position opposite that shownin Fig. 4, whereby the port 39 is closed and the port 39 opened, and thelever 29 is rocked in a position opposite to that shown in Fig.\

5. When the crank 17 is moved from the which is adapted to bepositionshown Fig. 4 into an opposite position, it mustbe moved through theposition wherein it is at right angles with the valve, which brings thevalve to a position in which both ports are closed to cause the turbineto stop before it'is reversed. \Vith the above described arrangement itbecomes lIllPOSSlblB'fOl the turbine to reverse itself,

as the perpendicular position of the valve crank causes a dead center.

The construction and arrangement thus far shown and described isconsidered suflicient where the object is simplicity, low initial'cost,rough and ready usage, and capable to be operated by an unskilledperson. But without departing from the principle of this invention itcan be so modified as to produce a highly eflicient machine andeconomical in the consumption of steam. The faces of the wheel may beprovided with a series of rings, each ring provided with a modifiedseries of blades, to be acted upon by jets adapted to-direct the steamin stages and to utilize almost its entire range of expansion.

In its broader aspect my of the various means described, but ofequivalent means for performing the recited objects, and it 1s desiredto reserve the right invention, there-- fore, .comprehends theemployment not only.

to eifect such modifications and variations thereof as may come fairlywithin the scope of the appended claims.

What I now claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is f 1.In a turbine, a wheel, a closure thereor, the wheel, means for forcingsteam through said nozzle, said closure provided with -an exhaust forsaid steam, and with hole adapted to force said steam through theexhaust. V A

2. In a turbine, a wheel adapted. to be moved by the action of a fluidthereon, a closure therefor provided with means adapted to convey themoving fiuid'to the wheel, said closure provided with an exhaust, andwith a draft opening adapted to force 'the moving fluid through saidexhaust.

3. Ina turbine, a wheel, a closure therefor, means .for conveying steamthrough the 010 are to the wheel, said closure provided wi 11 an exhaustand with a draft, opening to force the steam through the exhaust.

In testimony whereof Ihereunto afiix my a draft,

a nozzle inside the closure and facing signature in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

nnns'r Mt'iHL.

